Overview

database knowledge must be strong in query optimization, indexing, transactions, locking mechanisms, partitioning, and database system design.

➊ 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐬 & 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞
Understand how databases work, their components, and architecture.

↳ Database types (Relational, NoSQL)
↳ ACID properties & CAP theorem
↳ DBMS vs. RDBMS vs. NoSQL
↳ Database Storage Engines (InnoDB vs. MyISAM)
↳ Database Architecture (Single-tier, Two-tier, Three-tier)

➋ 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐧𝐠 & 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐎𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Improve query performance with indexing & optimization techniques.

↳ Types of Indexes (Clustered, Non-clustered, Composite, Unique, Full-text, Bitmap)
↳ How Indexing Works (B-Trees, Hash Indexing, etc.)
↳ Indexing Best Practices & When NOT to Use Indexes
↳ Query Execution Plan (EXPLAIN ANALYZE)
↳ Optimizing Joins, Sorting, and Aggregations

➌ 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 & 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥
Ensure consistency and integrity in multi-user database environments.

↳ ACID properties in transactions
↳ Transaction isolation levels (READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, SERIALIZABLE)
↳ Locking mechanisms (Pessimistic vs. Optimistic)
↳ Deadlocks – Causes & Prevention
↳ Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC)

➍ 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 & 𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠
Scale databases by distributing data efficiently.

↳ Horizontal vs. Vertical Partitioning
↳ Range, List, Hash, and Composite Partitioning
↳ Sharding Strategies (Key-based, Range-based, Directory-based)
↳ Challenges in Sharding (Data consistency, Cross-shard queries)
↳ Replication vs. Sharding

➎ 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 & 𝐍𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Design efficient, scalable database schemas.

↳ Entity-Relationship (ER) Modeling
↳ Normal Forms (1NF to 5NF)
↳ Denormalization & When to Use It
↳ Star vs. Snowflake Schema (Data Warehousing)
↳ Handling One-to-Many & Many-to-Many Relationships

➏ 𝐒𝐐𝐋 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐓𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠
Optimize SQL queries for high performance.

↳ Writing Efficient SQL Queries
↳ Avoiding Full Table Scans
↳ Use of Proper Indexing Strategies
↳ Query Execution Plans & Optimization Techniques
↳ Materialized Views & Caching

➐ 𝐍𝐨𝐒𝐐𝐋 𝐯𝐬. 𝐒𝐐𝐋 – 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭?
Choosing the right database for the right use case.

↳ SQL vs. NoSQL (Key differences)
↳ Types of NoSQL Databases (Document, Key-Value, Columnar, Graph)
↳ When to Use NoSQL Over SQL
↳ CAP Theorem & BASE Properties in NoSQL
↳ Examples: MongoDB, Cassandra, DynamoDB